After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East Germany, but its cultural and economic importance declined. Leipzig was once one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing. The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii, two important medieval trade routes. Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire. The name of the city and those of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin. Leipzig is located about 160 km (100 mi) southwest of Berlin, in the southernmost part of the North German Plain (known as Leipzig Bay), at the confluence of the White Elster River (progression: Saale→ Elbe→ North Sea) and two of its tributaries: the Pleiße and the Parthe. Between the two cities (in Schkeuditz) lies Leipzig/Halle Airport. Together with Halle (Saale), the city forms the polycentric Leipzig-Halle Conurbation.
Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as well as the second most populous city in the area of the former East Germany after ( East) Berlin. Leipzig ( / ˈ l aɪ p s ɪ ɡ, ˈ l aɪ p( t) s ɪ x/, German: ( listen) Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.
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